粮食统购统销政策实施之初的偏向与纠偏（1953-1954）—

文章信息/Info

Title:: Deviation and Correction of State Monopoly of Purchase and Marketing at the Beginning of Implementation（1953-1954）——With the Central-South Administrative Area as the Focal Point

Author(s):: CHANG Ming-ming; （School of Economics, Guizhou University of Finance＆Economics, Guiyang 550025）

摘要:: 粮食统购统销政策是国家从农民手中低价收购余粮以支持工业化建设的重要制度安排。从该政策在中南区实施之初的情况来看，由于部分干部执行政策发生偏差，任务观点重，在一些地方忽视对农民的思想发动，把复杂的粮食统购统销政策简单化，把它看成单纯的“向农民要粮食”，从而发生了统购面过宽，对富裕农民打击过重等偏向，引起农民思想混乱，造成农村形势紧张。针对政策运行中存在的偏向，中南区各级人民政府随即进行了纠偏，通过政策宣传以消除农民的思想顾虑，同时建立农村初级粮食市场解决农民的余缺调剂，从而在一定程度上使农村经济的死滞状态有所好转。

Abstract:: The state monopoly of purchase and marketing policy was an important institutional arrangement for the state to buy surplus grain from farmers at low prices to support the construction of industrialization. From the beginning of the implementation of the policy in the Central-South administrative area, as the cadres were unable to grasp the policy clearly and had a heavy view of their tasks, they ignored the idea of launching the peasants in some places, and simplified the complex policy of unified purchase and marketing of grain. It was regarded as a simple "asking for grain from peasants", which resulted in a wide range of purchases, a tendency to crack down on the heavy weight of the rich peasants, caused confusion in the peasants’ thinking, and resulted in a tense situation in the countryside. According to the bias existing in the operation of the policy, the governments at all levels in the Central-South administrative area immediately rectified the deviation, used policy propaganda to eliminate the peasants undefined ideological concerns, and at the same time established a rural primary grain market to solve the peasants undefined remaining and lacking adjustments. Thus, to a certain extent, the stagnant state of the rural economy improved.