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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:

38

期数:

2019年04期

页码:

55-63

栏目:

出版日期:

2019-09-05

文章信息/Info

Title:

Research on the Land Sale Contracts in Tangut Script Unearthed in Khara-Khoto

作者:

田晓霈

（宁夏大学 西夏学研究院，宁夏 银川 750021）

Author(s):

TIAN Xiao-pei

（Academy of Xixia Studies, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021）

关键词:

西夏; 土地借贷抵押; 典地契

Keywords:

Xixia;  loan;  mortgage;  land contract

分类号:

S-09；K211

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

《俄藏黑水城文献》5147号文书包含4件典地贷粮契，是迄今较为罕见的西夏时期以土地为质押物的借贷契约。本文首次对此4件西夏文草书典地契进行完整录文及译释，结合《天盛律令》与唐末敦煌典地契加以对比。发现西夏在质押类型、收息方式、地上财产归属、抵押周期以及“牙人担保”制度方面与敦煌契存在区别。同时，将典地契与土地买卖契对比，发现西夏晚期天庆至光定年间土地价值未发生重大变动，基本稳定在单亩价值2斗杂粮的水平。但自然条件优渥的肥壤良田价值明显居高，高出同时期普通土地近7倍的价值，反映了黑水城地区较大的农业生态差异。

Abstract:

Инв. No.5147 documents consist of four land sale contracts exchanging for food, which is rarely to be seen in Xixia dynasty. It is the first time to transcribe these four intact documents written in tangut cursive into regular script and then translate into Chinese, and according to Tiansheng Law, making a comparison with the contracts in Dunhuang area of the late Tang dynasty. Differences in these two contracts are found in loan type, ways of charge interest, land ownership, and guarantor system. Meanwhile, this paper explores the dissimilarities of the land value separately represented by land mortgagee and land sale, finding that the land value almost changed little with two grains per acre over the years from the reign of Tianqing to Guangding in Xixia dynasty. Yet, the value of the fertile land with better natural conditions is obviously much higher and is as 7 times as much the normal land in the same period, which shows the huge diversity of the agricultural ecology in Khara-Khoto area.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2019-09-12