英国都铎时代圈地运动的暴力性——基于农民土地保有权的解读-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Level of Violence of Tudor Enclosure in England: The Interpretation based on Land Tenure of Peasants

Author(s):: NI Zheng-chun; （College of Social Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046 ）

摘要:: 英国都铎王朝时期圈地运动的暴力性存在一些争议。都铎时代圈地的主体是庄园领主和大农场主，存在暴力驱逐农民的可能性。但是，都铎时代圈地面积约占英格兰土地总面积的2%，英格兰以敞田制为主的农田状态并没有发生根本性变化。从1455到1607年，在24个圈地郡中离开土地的总人数大约为29360人，平均每年193人，并不是非常可观。持有不同土地保有权的农民，享有不同的法定土地权利，一定程度上抑制了领主和农场主在圈地中的任意妄为。只有当权利双方就土地保有权的合法性产生分歧时，农民才有可能受到驱逐。因此，都铎时代的圈地不是大规模暴力驱逐农民的运动。

Abstract:: There was some controversy about the nature of violence of the enclosure movement in England during Tudor Dynasty. The enclosures during the age of the Tudors were carried out mainly by the lords of manors and the large farmers, therefore there existed the possibility of violent eviction. The truth is that the agrarian changes affected about 2% of the whole area of England. There has been no fundamental change in the state of open-field system in England. From 1455 to 1607, 29360 persons were displaced in twenty-four counties, the number of 193 persons per year is not very impressive. The peasants holding different tenure enjoyed different legal land rights which resisted the violence of the lord and the farmer during their enclosure. Only when the two sides of the rights disagree on the legitimacy of land tenure can the peasants be expelled. Therefore, the enclosure of Tutor period is not the wholesale violent eviction of peasants.