汉代乡村饮食与社会教化-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Keywords:: diet; drinking ceremony in the countryside; etiquette; concept of governing the country

摘要:: 汉初，社会经济破坏严重，统治者采取休养生息政策，社会财富得到极大的增长，人们日常饮食之丰盛为前所未有。一方面，汉统治者不断地进行赏酺、赐酒等国事活动，把朝廷的政治大事变成民众的狂欢节，使普通百姓真切地感受到“国家”的关爱。另一方面，朝廷普遍推行乡饮酒礼，把抽象的国家礼法和儒家道统通过具体的饮酒荐脯展示出来，使民众随时随地体会到国体优势和国家治理理念，培育民众的自豪感和认同感。同时，乡饮酒礼的主人是府、州、县的最高行政官员，宾客则是地方上德高望重者和饱学之士，从而有助于地方官员养成崇道敬德、重儒尚学的风尚，更好地凝聚官民共识，维护社会稳定。

Abstract:: In the early Han Dynasty, the social economy was seriously damaged, the rulers adopted the policy of recuperation. The social wealth was subsequently increased greatly; people’s daily diet became unprecedentedly richer and richer. On the one hand, the rulers of the Han Dynasty continued to carry out state affairs such as awarding wine and meat, turning the political events of the court into carnivals of the people, so that the ordinary people could truly feel the care and love of the "state". On the other hand, the court generally carried out the "drinking ceremony in the countryside", which showed the metaphysical national etiquette and Confucian orthodoxy through specific drinking introduction. The people could feel the advantages of the national system and the concept of national governance anytime and anywhere. At the same time, the host of the drinking ceremony was the highest administrative official of the local government, and the guests were the people who must be highly respected and learned in the local communities, so as to help the local officials develop the fashion of advocating morality and maintain social stability.