秦汉简中标识术语“剽”之新证-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: New Evidence of the Marking Term "Piao"（剽） in the Bamboo Slips of Qin and Han Dynasties

Keywords:: bamboo slips of Qinand Han Dynzsties; "Piao"（剽）; pinprick; livestock logos

摘要:: 秦汉简中多见表示牲畜标识的词语“剽”，旧说是用刀削或烙印形成标记的方式，或说“剽”读作“标”，本文通过文字训诂、文献解读、标识术语的行文格式、图像辅证指出秦汉简中的“剽”不能读为“标”，也并非以往所说在臀部烙印或刀削的标识，而是一种用针刺的方法在耳部做标识的方式。文中在讨论秦汉简中牲畜标记内容行文格式时，对左斩、两捶、断角、决鼻等特殊的词语作了对比分析。梳理了剽与针灸久刺的密切关系，并结合文献中耳部标记的相关记述，联系近现代耳部针刺标记方式的遗存，证明秦汉简中“剽”作为耳部针刺标记方式的合理性。

Abstract:: In Qin and Han bamboo slips, the word "Piao"（剽） is often used to indicate livestock logos. it was usually thought to be a way of forming marks with a knife or branding, or "Piao"（剽） is pronounced as "Biao"（标）. This article points out that the "Piao"（剽） in the Qin and Han bamboo slips cannot be read as "Biao"（标） and it is not the mark on the buttocks or knife cut, but a method of pinprick ears to mark the livestock，through the text exegesis, document interpretation, the format of the logo term, and the image supporting evidence. When discussing the format of the content of livestock markings in the Qin and Han bamboo slips, the paper makes a comparative analysis of special words such as "Zuozhan"（左斩）, "Liangchui"（两捶）, "Duanjiao"（断角）, "Juebi"（决鼻）and so on. This article proves the rationality of "Piao"（剽） in the Qin and Han bamboo slips as an ear acupuncture marking method，by sorting out the close relationship between "Piao"（剽） and pinprick, combined with the related descriptions of ear markings in the literature, contacting the relics of modern marking methods of pinprick ears.