意图与历史的错位——万国农机奖学金设立始末（1945

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Misalignment of Intention and History: A Research on the International Harvester Fellowship Program during the Republic of China (1945—1948)

Author(s):: ZHANG Rui-sheng1 MEI Xue-qin2; （1. School of History, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875; 2. Department of History, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084）

Keywords:: International Harvester Company; agricultural engineer; agricultural mechanization; U.S. agricultural education

摘要:: 作为当时世界上最大的农业机械公司，美国万国农机公司一直意图抢占中国广阔的农机市场。1945年，时任国民政府农林部驻美代表的邹秉文，向美国万国农机公司提出了在华设立奖学金项目的请求并获得万国农机董事会主席麦考密克（Harold Fowler McCormick）的慷慨应许。从1945年至1948年，万国农机奖学金共计全额资助了二十名中国农科和工程科学生赴美国明尼苏达大学和爱荷华州立大学攻读农业工程专业研究生并从事专业实习训练。1948年，这些农业工程专业的留学生回到中国，成为了中国第一代农业工程师。1949年新中国成立后，这些美国培养的农业工程师绝大部分选择留在了中国大陆，为中华人民共和国的社会主义农业工程事业做出了自己的贡献。

Abstract:: As the world’s largest agricultural machinery company at the time, the International Harvester Company (IHC) had long been interested in China’s broad market of agricultural machinery. In 1945, Dr. P. W. Tsou, then the residential representative of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Nationalist Government in the U.S. proposed the Harvester Fellowships for China Program to the IHC. As the chairman of the Board of Directors of the IHC, Fowler McCormick agreed to sponsor this program generously. From 1945 to 1948, this Harvester Fellowships program sponsored twenty Chinese students who majored in agriculture and engineering to learn agricultural engineering at the University of Minnesota and Iowa State College (later Iowa State University) and take practical training in the U.S. after their graduation. In 1948, these students majoring in agricultural engineering came back to China. They became the first generation of agricultural engineers in China. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, most of these US-trained agricultural engineers chose to stay in mainland China and made their own contributions to socialist agricultural engineering in the People’s Republic of China.