“算账”：农业合作化运动初期农民思想顾虑的缓解—

文章信息/Info

Title:: Income Comparison: The Easing of Farmers’ Ideological Concerns in the Early Stage of the Agricultural Cooperative Movement: with the Central-South Administrative Area as the Focal Point

Author(s):: CHANG Ming-ming; （School of Economics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073）

关键词:: 农业合作化运动是一场深刻的生产关系变革; 在运动过程中; 各阶层农民呈现各异的心态。在面临入社时; 先进群众积极性虽高; 但多数带有很大的盲目急躁情绪; 表现为热情高; 办法少; 中间群众口头赞成; 但心怀疑虑; 觉悟差的群众则误解很大; 心里害怕; 口里不敢讲。土地按什么标准评产、耕畜农具入社如何补偿、劳动力底分的评价、土地劳动分成收益比例等; 是入社过程中各阶层农民最关心的问题。入社后农民则主要关心合作社能否增产; 自己能否增加收入。针对农民不同的顾虑; 党和各级人民政府; 一方面通过广泛的思想动员; 另一方面结合小农经济的特点采取

Keywords:: agricultural cooperative movement; ideological concerns; income comparison; consensus; central-south administrative area of China

摘要:: 农业合作化运动是一场深刻的生产关系变革，在运动过程中，各阶层农民呈现各异的心态。在面临入社时，先进群众积极性虽高，但多数带有很大的盲目急躁情绪，表现为热情高，办法少；中间群众口头赞成，但心怀疑虑；觉悟差的群众则误解很大，心里害怕，口里不敢讲。土地按什么标准评产、耕畜农具入社如何补偿、劳动力底分的评价、土地劳动分成收益比例等，是入社过程中各阶层农民最关心的问题。入社后农民则主要关心合作社能否增产，自己能否增加收入。针对农民不同的顾虑，党和各级人民政府，一方面通过广泛的思想动员，另一方面结合小农经济的特点采取反复“算账”等方法，逐步打消了农民的思想顾虑，获得了农民对合作社的认同，推动了农业合作化运动的发展。

Abstract:: The agricultural cooperative movement was a profound change in production relations. In the process of the movement, farmers of all levels of life presented a different mentality. In the face of entering the society, although the advanced people’s enthusiasm was high, but most with a great blind impatience, manifested as high enthusiasm, less methods; the middle masses oral agree, but have doubts; the poor consciousness of the masses were very misunderstood, afraid, dare not speak. It was the most concerned problem for farmers of all levels in the process of entering the society, how to compensate for the society, the labor base score evaluation, and the proportion of the benefits of the society. After entering the society, farmers mainly cared about whether the cooperative can increase their production and whether they could increase their income. In view of the different concerns of farmers, the Party and the people ’s governments at all levels, on the one hand, through extensive ideological mobilization and on the other hand, combining with their characteristics with repeated "accounts", gradually eliminated the ideological concerns of farmers, obtained farmers’ recognition of cooperatives and promoted the development of the cooperative movement.