土匪、士绅与宗族：晚清民国时期沂沭河流域农村社会秩序的维系与重构-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Bandits, Gentry and Clans: Maintenance and Reconstruction of Rural Social Order of Yishu River Basin during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

Author(s):: ZHOU Hong-bing; （School of Marxism, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100）

摘要:: 晚清民国时期，沂沭河流域长期遭受战乱，地方政府呈现出一种弱势状态，无力全面管辖控制沂沭河流域的农村社会。与此同时，沂沭河流域内匪患丛生，土匪势力迅速扩大，直接影响到了农村社会秩序的安定。原有依靠士绅管辖的农村秩序也濒临瓦解，士绅阶层一方面放弃维护治安的职责，另一方面又转化为劣绅并与土匪势力相勾连。为应对农村秩序的混乱局面，沂沭河流域的宗族力量逐渐壮大，并依靠宗族武装成为农村抵御土匪侵袭的支柱力量。宗族势力也成为维持沂沭河流域农村秩序的主要力量。

Abstract:: In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the Yishu River Basin was affected by wars for a long time, and the local government showed a weak state, unable to fully control the rural society in the Yishu River Basin. At the same time, banditry is proliferating in the Yishu River Basin, and the bandit power is rapidly expanding, which directly affects the stability of the rural social order. The original rural order that relied on the gentry’s jurisdiction was also on the verge of disintegration. On the one hand, the gentry gave up the duty of maintaining public order, and on the other hand, it turned into a bad gentry and linked with the bandit forces. In order to cope with the chaotic situation of rural order, the clan power in the Yishu River Basin has gradually grown, and relying on clan armed forces has become the mainstay force in resisting the invasion of bandits in the countryside. Clan power has also become the new leader in the management of rural order in the Yishu River Basin.