历史景观地理视角下的明清福建临水夫人信仰研究—

文章信息/Info

Title:: Research on Lady Linshui Belief in Fujian in Ming and Qing Dynasties from the Perspective of Historical Landscape Geography: Taking Temple as the Center

Author(s):: GONG Jun-wen1 CHEN Ye-xin2; ( 1.School of History and Culture of Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240；2.School of Humanities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240)

Keywords:: Lady Linshui belief; historical landscape geography; temple; Fujian; Ming and Qing Dynasties

摘要:: 宋代以降，福建临水夫人历经从人到巫、由巫为神的造神过程，其信仰文化随着祠庙景观的构建而不断传播。明清时期，福建临水夫人祠庙数量持续增长，地域分布特征显著：明代祠庙增势较缓，空间布局分散；清代前期祠庙增速尤快，闽东地区最为密集，形成以福州古田为中心的集聚式分布格局，并在清代后期逐渐向东北方向延伸。祠庙景观格局折射出信仰分布特征，除了特殊的地理环境以外，基于文化习俗与婚育状况的功利需求，家族组织对信仰文化的地域认同，人口变化与区域流动造成的信仰迁移扩散，以及畲民在环境胁迫下对汉族信仰文化的接纳融合，均为影响明清福建临水夫人信仰景观变迁的重要因素。

Abstract:: Since the Song Dynasty, Lady Linshui in Fujian has gone through the process of creating gods from human to witch and by witch for god, its belief culture spread continuously with the construction of temple landscape. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the number of Lady Linshui’s Temple in Fujian continued to increase, with significant regional differentiation. The growth of temples in Ming Dynasty was relatively slow, and their spatial distribution was scattered. In the early Qing Dynasty, the growth rate of temples was especially fast, with the densest in eastern Fujian, forming a clustered distribution pattern centered on Gutian in Fuzhou, and gradually extended to the northeast in the later period. The landscape pattern of temples reflects the characteristics of the distribution of beliefs. In addition to the special geographical environment, the utilitarian needs based on cultural customs and marriage and childbearing conditions, the regional recognition of belief culture by family organizations, the spread of belief caused by population changes and regional mobility, and the She people’s acceptance and integration of the Han faith culture under the pressure of the environment are the important factors affecting the change of Lady Linshui belief in Fujian during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.