[1]马建强 郭松宇.近代红茶改良先驱“宁茶振植”的创办经营与历史定位[J].中国农史,2023,42(05):82-95.
　MA Jianqiang GUO Songyu.The Improvement, Establishment and Positioning of the Pioneer of Modern Black Tea "Ningcha Zhenzhi"[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2023,42(05):82-95.
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近代红茶改良先驱“宁茶振植”的创办经营与历史定位()
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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:
42
期数:
2023年05期
页码:
82-95
栏目:
出版日期:
2023-10-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
The Improvement, Establishment and Positioning of the Pioneer of Modern Black Tea "Ningcha Zhenzhi"
作者:
马建强 郭松宇
（湖北大学 历史文化学院，湖北 武汉 430062）
Author(s):
MA Jianqiang GUO Songyu
（School of History and Culture, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062）
关键词:
宁红; 宁茶振植; 江西; 红茶改良
Keywords:
Ninghong Tea;  Ningcha Zhenzhi;  Jiangxi;  black tea improvement
分类号:
S-09；K214
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
晚清以降，华茶外贸形势严峻，中国红茶出口在国际茶叶贸易格局中更显衰落之势。政府、茶商都在寻求改良华茶、挽回利权的途径。1915年，经粤籍茶商、当地富绅以及行业精英的动议，联合在宁茶产区江西修水县以“宁茶振植”为品牌筹办茶叶公司，经过购置山场、垦复茶园、营建厂屋、采买设备等筹备过程，至1918年初具形制并进一步招股集资，正式成立“宁茶振植股份有限公司”。该公司自1919年开始有真正意义上的生产，短期生产运销后，即面临多重困境。资本结构的局限、从技术到经营模式的改良失败，甚至是经营倒退到旧的茶贸体系，都显示它未能真正实现向资本主义的现代化公司的跨越。加之华茶外销形势的整体恶化、战争破坏等因素，加速了它的破产。宁茶振植的这段历史一定程度上可以刷新学界过去的认识和判断，而宁茶振植的个案也启示后人在考察近代茶业改良的问题上应具有多维视角。
Abstract:
Since the late Qing Dynasty, the foreign trade situation of Chinese tea had been severe, and the export of Chinese black tea had shown a trend of decline in the international tea trade pattern. Both the government and tea merchants were trying to find ways to improve Chinese tea and regain their interests. In 1915, with the initiative of Cantonese tea merchants, local wealthy people and industry elites, a tea company named "Ningcha Zhenzhi" was founded in the Ningcha producing area of Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province. After the preparation process of purchasing mountain fields, reclaiming tea gardens, building factories and purchasing equipment, the company took on a more concrete form and further raised capital by issuing stocks in early 1918, officially becoming the "Ningcha Zhenzhi Co., Ltd." The company started real production in 1919, but soon faced multiple difficulties. The limitations of its capital structure, the failure of its technological and business model improvements, and even its retreat to the old tea trading system all indicate that it failed to truly leap to a modern capitalist company. Moreover, the overall deterioration of the foreign sales situation and war damage in the Chinese tea industry accelerated its bankruptcy. The history of Ningcha Zhenzhi can refresh academic understanding and judgment in some degree, and the case of Ningcha Zhenzhi also inspires examination of the multi-dimensional perspective of modern tea industry improvement.
更新日期/Last Update: 2023-11-14