异域借才与办学成效：清末蚕学教育机构的初创-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Recruitment of Foreigners and The Teaching Effectiveness: The Beginning of Sericulture Education Institution in Late Qing Dynasty

Author(s):: QIU Peiwen; （Department of history, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275）

Keywords:: Hangzhou sericulture school; Japanese teachers; Hubei agricultural school; late Qing Dynasty; sericulture education

摘要:: 杭州蚕学馆是近代中国第一家官立蚕学校，成立之初，曾延聘日本蚕师为教习。日本教习来华就任，是由中、日双方需求推动的。就中方而言，蚕学馆因经费支绌及人才缺乏，延聘日本蚕师为不得已的实用之举；就日方而言，为了在国际生丝贸易上与中国竞争，日本政府亟需派员驻华开展深入蚕丝业调查，因此极力争取蚕馆教习一职。日本蚕师得以来杭任教，是日本外务省、农商务省两部门通力合作而争取的结果。日本教习在学堂中传授了显微镜及温、湿度计等科学仪器的育蚕法，以及卫生知识，对普及西方蚕学有推动作用。同时，由于学堂的经营权始终握于地方官之手，因此其办学成绩更取决于自身管理得当与否。通过与湖北农务学堂的比较，可知杭州蚕学馆能取得优良的办学成效，与其立学宗旨的确当与落实、生源的严格选拔、任事者的勤勉奉公等因素密不可分。

Abstract:: At the beginning of the establishment of Hangzhou sericulture institute, Japanese sericulturists were hired to teach. The appointment of Japanese teachers in China was driven by the needs of both China and Japan. As far as the Chinese side was concerned, the appointment of a Japanese sericulturist was a necessary but practical option for the sericulturist institute due to the shortage of funds and manpower. As far as Japan was concerned, in order to compete with China in the international raw silk trade, the Japanese government urgently needed to send personnel to China to carry out in-depth research on the silk industry, so it was striving for the post of silkworm instructor. It was the result of the cooperation between the Japanese ministry of foreign affairs and the ministry of agriculture and commerce that Japanese silkworm teachers had come to Hangzhou to teach. Japanese teachers taught sericulture with scientific instruments such as microscopes and temperature and hygrometers, as well as health knowledge. Because the right to operate a school was always in the hands of local officials, its performance depends on its proper management or not. By comparing with Hubei agricultural school, we can see that the excellent school-running results of Hangzhou sericulture school were inseparable from the establishment and practice of the school purpose, the strict selection of students, and the careful public service of the staff.