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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:

39

期数:

2020年06期

页码:

62-79

栏目:

出版日期:

2020-12-29

文章信息/Info

Title:

A Preliminary Study on the Problem of Rural Credit in Medieval England

作者:

崔洪健

（河南师范大学 历史文化学院，河南 新乡 453007）

Author(s):

CUI Hong-jian

（The College of History and Culture, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007）

关键词:

中世纪;  英国;  乡村借贷;  借贷关系

Keywords:

the Middle Ages;  England;  rural credit;  Credit relationship

分类号:

S-09；K207

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

借贷普遍存在于中世纪英国的乡村社会之中，大量借贷为涉及基本生产和生活的小额借贷，借贷双方为富裕农民与中等及贫穷农民；而那些与土地市场和大规模谷物买卖有关的借贷为大额借贷，借贷双方为外来放贷者与本地富裕农民。借贷类型除了谷物、挽畜和犁具等实物借贷外，还有现金借贷和赊欠借贷。当时良好的个人信誉、土地抵押、他人担保以及书面凭证的出现均有利于借贷关系的形成，而庄园法庭对那些不愿偿还债务的借贷者的审判与严惩，维护了放贷者的利益，也为乡村借贷的发展提供了法律保障。借贷有助于中世纪英国乡村中经济资源的优化配置，在改善农民的生产与生活以及促进乡村市场经济的繁荣等方面产生着积极影响。

Abstract:

Credit was widespread in the rural society of medieval England. A great deal of lending and borrowing was small scale involving basic production and living, and the two sides were rich peasants and poor peasants. Those credit related to the land market and the grain trade was mostly large scale, made by extrinsic lenders and rich peasants. In addition to cash loans and deferred payments, there were various forms of credit, such as grain, draught animals and ploughs. At that time, good personal reputation, land mortgage, other’s guarantee and written instruments were conducive to the formation of credit relationship. The trial and punishment of those borrowers who were unwilling to repay debts by manor court safeguarded the interests of lenders, and provided legal protection for the development of rural credit. Credit helped to optimize the allocation of economic resources in medieval England, and had a positive impact on improving the production and life of peasants and promoting the prosperity of rural market economy.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2021-01-13