二十世纪初美国桐油业的发展及中国的应对-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Development of American Tung Oil Industry in The Early 20th Century and China’s Response

Author(s):: JING De; （School of Accounting, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067）

Keywords:: early 20th century; America; tung oil; Chinese tung trees; introduction; response

摘要:: 19世纪末20世纪初，中国桐油的优良特性和工业用途不断被开发，引起西方工业强国的高度重视。中国当时作为世界唯一的桐油生产国，桐油出口贸易额不断增长，成为当时中国重要的外汇来源之一。美国为降低对中国桐油的依赖，从1902年开始尝试引种中国油桐树，以发展本国桐油业并逐渐取得相当的成绩。国人普遍为中国桐油业的未来感到紧张和不安。为维护中国桐油业在世界的领先地位，中国方面积极做出回应。在密切关注美国桐油业发展的同时，科学家开始运用现代科学技术改良桐油业，政府也采取行政力量加强应对。在中美桐油业发展的博弈背后，深刻反映了社会制度、科技手段在国家产业发展中的突出作用。

Abstract:: At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the excellent characteristics and industrial uses of tung oil in China were continuously developed and widely used by Western industrial powerful nations. As the only tung oil producer in the world at that time, China’s tung oil export trade continued to grow and became an important source of national economy. In order to reduce the dependence on Chinese tung oil and even have an impact on Chinese tung oil industry, the United States has tried to introduce Chinese tung oil trees to develop its own tung oil industry since 1902, and has gradually made considerable achievements through efforts. The development of tung oil industry in the United States has aroused strong reaction from Chinese people. People generally feel nervous and worried about the future of China’s tung oil industry. In order to meet the challenge of American tung oil industry and maintain China’s status in the world, China also responded positively. While paying close attention to the development of tung oil industry in the United States, it began to use modern science and technology to improve tung oil industry, and the government also used administrative power to take relevant measures. Behind the development of tung oil industry in China and the United States, it deeply reflects the key role of advanced social system and scientific and technological means in national industrial development.