清代民国闽东耕牛文书初探-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: A Preliminary Study on the Contract Documents of Cattle Raising in Eastern Fujian

Author(s):: HUANG Zhongxin ZHU Yaqian; （Department of History, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632）

摘要:: 耕牛作为农业社会的重要生产资料，民间买卖较为频繁，闽东文书有不少关于清代民国时期耕牛交易和管理的记载。契约中常常存在当卖与承养同时签订的现象。当牛或卖牛代表了处置权的转移，承养关系的确定，实现了收益权和使用权的分割。当牛批字以换取钱谷为主，其利率高于承养契约，杜绝了按期偿还的可能，具有隐性买卖性质。牛栏交易主要是明确的卖断性质，且大多发生在亲属之间。屏南县《牛社总薄》较为清晰地展示了民间牛社组织模式与条规内容，该组织以护牛为起点，逐渐介入牛的买卖以及乡村金融借贷之中。

Abstract:: As an important means of production in agricultural societies, cattle were farmed and traded frequently, and there are many records in the Min Dong documents about the trading and management of cattle.It is often the case that the deed of pawning or sale of cattle was executed at the same time as the deed of adoption. The cattle of sale being the prerequisite for the establishment of the adoption relationship and representing the transfer of the right of disposal; the contract of adoption indicates the division of the right of income right and the right of use.The contracts in the form of "approval" and passing cattle to exchange for grain and money , its interest rate was higher than the contract to raise, basically eliminating the possibility of repayment by the cattle owner on schedule, with the nature of hidden sales. As a place of feeding, the cattle bar contract was mainly sold off and occurs mainly between relatives.The Book of the Cattle Society of Pingnan County clearly shows the organizational pattern and rules of the folk cattle society.The organization started with cattle protection and gradually became involved in cattle trading and rural financial lending.