[1]张志翔 王卫平.民国留学水利专家与江苏农水治理转型[J].中国农史,2026,45(02):121-132.
　ZHANG Zhixiang WANG Weiping.Returned Hydraulic Experts and the Transformation of Agricultural Water Conservancy Governance in Jiangsu During the Republican Period[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2026,45(02):121-132.
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民国留学水利专家与江苏农水治理转型()

《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:
45
期数:
2026年02期
页码:
121-132
栏目:
出版日期:
2026-05-19

文章信息/Info

Title:
Returned Hydraulic Experts and the Transformation of Agricultural Water Conservancy Governance in Jiangsu During the Republican Period
作者:
张志翔 王卫平
（苏州大学 社会学院，江苏 苏州 215123）
Author(s):
ZHANG Zhixiang WANG Weiping
（School of Social Science，Soochow University，Suzhou 215123）
关键词:
民国; 江苏; 留学水利专家; 农田水利
Keywords:
Republican period;  Jiangsu Province;  returned hydraulic experts;  agricultural water conservancy
分类号:
S-09；K207
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
民国时期，留学水利专家群体在江苏农田水利治理转型中发挥了重要作用。针对频发的水旱灾害及由此引发的农业生产损失问题，该群体引入现代水文测量方法与系统性排灌工程规划技术，显著提升了滨海盐垦区、高冈低乡等农田环境的灾害抵御能力。同时，他们倡导并实践科学治理理念，推动江苏水利事业由传统经验模式向科学技术主导范式转型，为后续抗战时期的农田水利工程建设奠定了坚实基础。此外，通过电力排灌工程、模范灌溉实验场等实践项目，有效促进了农村地区农田用电需求的满足。民国时期留学水利专家群体对江苏农田水利的治理，体现了西方现代水利技术在我国的本土化、在地化的多途径传播和调适历程，为我国水利工作现代化提供了重要历史镜鉴。
Abstract:
During the Republican period, returned hydraulic experts with overseas academic backgrounds played a pivotal role in the transformation of agricultural water conservancy governance in Jiangsu Province. Confronted with frequent floods and droughts and the consequent losses in agricultural production, this group introduced modern hydrological survey techniques and systematic planning methodologies for drainage and irrigation projects. These initiatives significantly enhanced the disaster resistance capacity of farmland ecosystems in typical regions, including coastal salt reclamation areas, high-lying uplands and low-lying rural areas. Meanwhile, they advocated and practiced the concept of scientific governance, promoting the transformation of Jiangsu’s water conservancy sector from a traditional experience-driven model to a paradigm dominated by science and technology. This transformation laid a solid foundation for the construction of agricultural water conservancy projects during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. In addition, practical projects such as electric drainage and irrigation works and model irrigation experimental stations effectively addressed the demand for agricultural electricity in rural areas. The governance practice of these returned experts reflects the localized dissemination and adaptive adjustment of Western modern hydraulic technologies in China. It also provides important historical insights for the modernization of China’s water conservancy undertakings.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2026-05-19