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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:

43

期数:

2024年02期

页码:

120-130

栏目:

出版日期:

2024-04-30

文章信息/Info

Title:

A Study of the Related Issues of Wangjiaying Reducing Dam from the Perspective of Yellow River Control and Canal Protection

作者:

董 清1 刘光亮2

（1.南京大学 历史学院，江苏 南京 210023 ；2.淮安市淮安区考古和文物保护中心，江苏 淮安 223200）

Author(s):

DONG Qing1 LIU Guangliang2

（1. School of History, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023; 2. Center of Archaeology and Cultural Relics Protection of Huaian District, Huaian 223200）

关键词:

王营减水坝; 黄河; 盐河; 清口水利枢纽

Keywords:

Wangying Reducing Dam;  Yellow River;  Yanhe River;  Qingkou Hydro-junction

分类号:

S-09；K215

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

王营减水坝是康熙年间修建于黄河北岸堤防上的溢流坝，南临黄河，北通盐河，为黄河、淮河和运河交会处清口附近的一项大型工程。该工程充分利用独特的地理位置和地形条件，往北排水入盐河，可分减下泄黄河洪水，防止水流盛涨危害河堤安全的同时，能加大淮河清水畅出，并可接济盐河水源，用来运输盐、苇等。后因减坝启放年久，坝下冲刷成深塘，坝底桩石冲坏，原址施工困难，乾隆、嘉庆、道光年间曾多次重修、移建。经考古勘探证实，王营减水坝的移动，整体呈现出向西移的趋势。这是由于黄河东流，溢流坝向西靠近来水方向，更利于排泄洪水，有着治黄保漕、舍农的考量，以及尽量避免洪水淹没城市或人口稠密地区（官署就在城里），既实现了政治、经济利益的最大化，也契合了朝廷治河保漕的政治方向。

Abstract:

The Wangying Water Reducing Dam, constructed on the northern bank of the Yellow River during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, serves as an overflow dam with its southern boundary alongside the Yellow River and its northern connection to the Yanhe River. Situated in close proximity to the Qingkou of the intersection of the Yellow River, Huai River and the Canal, this large-scale project strategically leverages its unique geographical location and terrain conditions for diverting water into the Yanhe River to the north. The dam functioned as flood reduction for the Yellow River, prevention of rising water levels that could threaten the safety of the river embankment, facilitation of Huai River water flow, and establishment of a transportation channel for firewood and salt originating from the source of the Yanhe Canal. Over time, due to long-time openings and releases of water from the dam, the dam’s base underwent erosion, creating a deep pond and rendering the original construction site problematic. Throughout the Qianlong, Jiaqing, and Daoguang periods, the dam underwent multiple reconstructions and relocations. It was found that the Wangying Dam revealed a discernible westward migration pattern as a whole after the archaeological excavation. This shift is attributed to the Yellow River’s eastward flow, the overflow dam positions it closer to the incoming water, thereby enhancing its flood discharge efficiency. This illustrates the dam’s primary objective of controlling the Yellow River to safeguard both waterways and cities, while minimizing the impact on flooding the governmental institutions,?flourishing?cities, and densely populated areas. This approach not only maximizes economic and political benefits but also aligns with the court’s political agenda of river governance and water transport protection.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2024-05-15