华北民间契约文书中的家庭养老民事习惯问题-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: On the Civil Custom of Family Pension in North China Folk Contract Documents

Author(s):: WANG Yun-hong; （School of Humanities，Henan University of Science and Technology，LuoYang 471023）

Keywords:: North China; folk contract documents; family pension; civil custom

摘要:: 近年来，作为民间文献的契约文书日益受到重视，整理和研究逐步集聚，已经形成一门专门的学问——中国契约学，在人文社会科学领域的研究中，呈现越来越重要的意义和价值。笔者利用搜集到的数十份华北契约文书，分别从养老文书、析产文书、立嗣文书与婚书等文书类型，探讨传统民间社会家庭养老民事习惯的内容与家庭养老的功能意义。从华北文书资料来看，人们形成了包括提前协商书立养老字据、以房院养老、以土地养老、组织养老会、写立养老遗嘱等民间养老智慧，还形成了在立嗣活动、分家活动、婚姻活动中补充养老条款，规范养老行为的民事习惯。华北地区传统的家庭养老更多关注物质性的经济供养方面，其历史经验与局限性，都将为现实社会中的养老问题提供借鉴与启示。

Abstract:: In recent years, the contract documents as a Folk Literature have been paid more and more attention, and the research has gradually gathered, which has formed a special knowledge -- Chinese Contract Studies. It has shown more and more important significance and value in the humanity and social science field. By using dozens of contract documents collected in North China, the paper discusses the content of the traditional civil custom of family pension in civil society and the functional significance of family pension from the document types of pension contracts, separation contracts（Fenshu）, successive contracts and marriage contracts. According to the documents and materials in North China, people have formed the wisdom of folk pension, such as negotiating in advance to establish the endowment voucher, providing for the aged by the house, providing for the aged by the land, participating in pension association, making a will for old age and so on. They have also formed the civil custom of supplementing the endowment provisions in the activities of making inheritor, family separation and marriage, and standardizing the behavior of providing for the aged. The traditional family pension in North China pays more attention to the material economic support. Its historical experience and limitations will provide reference and Enlightenment for the pension problem in the real society.