人事干练：道光初年漕粮海运从被抵制到顺利施行-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Capable Personnel: Sea Transportation from Being Boycotted to Booming in the Early Years of Daoguang Period

Author(s):: ZHENG Haitao PAN Sheng; （School?of?Social?Development?,?Nanjing?Normal?University, Nanjing 210097）

摘要:: 道光五年，初议征雇商船海运漕粮之时，江苏巡抚张师诚等先后两次封船，造成了极大的负面影响。为推动海运，清廷对江苏地方官吏进行了调整，琦善、陶澍等主政江苏，迅速调整漕粮海运措施，明确奖惩政策，官商直接沟通，减少胥吏与牙行等中间环节的信息屏障等，促成了此次漕粮海运的顺利实施。这体现了道光初年清廷在国家治理中仍然具有一定的应对、调整、执行能力，但是纵观此次海运施行过程，其成功的关键在于及时调整地方官吏，充分发挥了干臣之作用，而非政治体制的改进。这种局部的人事成功，无助于改变清朝整个政治体系的衰败局面。

Abstract:: In the fifth year of Daoguang, when the first proposal to recruit merchant ships to transport grain by sea, Zhang Shicheng , the governor of Jiangsu and others, closed the ships twice, which led to great negative impact on Sea Transportation. To promote Sea Transportation, the Qing government displaced the local officials with Qi Shan and Tao Shu taking over the position in Jiangsu. They quickly modified the policies for shipping grains, for example, by clarifying regulations for rewards and punishments, having communication between officials and businessmen directly to reduce the information barriers between subordinate officials and intermediary agents such as dental shops, etc. These measures contributed to the smooth implementation of this grain shipping. On the one hand, the success of Sea Transportation reflects that the Qing government in the early years of the Daoguang period still had ability to deal with, adjust and execute in national governance. On the other hand, throughout the whole implementation of this Sea Transportation, the key to its success lies in the timely replacement of local officials with competent ones who played an important role in governing, rather than an improvement in the political system. In this vein, such success based on personnel changes will not stop the decline of the entire political system of the Qing Dynasty.