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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:

41

期数:

2022年03期

页码:

3-19

栏目:

出版日期:

2022-06-30

文章信息/Info

Title:

Local Agricultural Disaster Information and Its Decision-making Value in the Ming Dynasty

作者:

展 龙1 李争杰2

（1.中国社会科学院 历史理论研究所，北京 100101；2.河南大学 历史文化学院，河南 开封 475001）

Author(s):

ZHAN Long1 LI Zheng-jie2

（1.Institute of Historical Theory, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100101; 2.School of History and Culture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001）

关键词:

明代; 农业; 灾害; 奏报; 决策

Keywords:

the Ming Dynasty;  agriculture;  disasters;  memorial;  policy decision

分类号:

S-09；K207

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

灾害信息的收集奏报是国家治理灾害的前提基础和关键环节。明代农业灾害发生后，地方各级政府及里老、生员等基层民众，通过口头汇报、文字陈述和图文结合等方式，按照逐级奏报、先赈后奏、越级奏报等多种路径，将农业灾害的发生时间、种类特征、波及范围、受灾程度、社会危害、应对举措等重要信息及时奏报朝廷。这不仅可以确保朝廷及时获取详实的农灾信息，而且有利于朝廷作出有效的决策应对，以纾解灾民颠危、保障灾区生机、恢复农业生产、稳定统治秩序。当然，明代农灾信息奏报也存在匿灾不报、谎报灾情、报灾迟延、留中不省等问题，尤以明季衰世之际更趋严重，以致农业灾害失于治理，甚而引发庶民离乱，加速明朝败亡。

Abstract:

The collection and reporting of disaster information is the premise foundation and key link of national disaster management. After the occurrence of agricultural disasters in the Ming Dynasty, local governments at all levels and grass-roots people such as Li lao and intelligentsia timely reported important information such as the occurrence time, type and characteristics, spread scope, disaster degree, social harm and solution path of agricultural disasters to the imperial court in accordance with certain procedures through oral reports, written statements and graphic combination. This can not only ensure the imperial court to obtain detailed agricultural disaster information in time, but also help the imperial court to make timely and effective decision-making and response, ensure alleviate the plight of the victims, ensure the vitality of the disaster areas, restore agricultural production and stabilize the ruling order. Of course, the agricultural disaster information Memorial in the Ming Dynasty also had some problems, such as concealing the disaster, falsely reporting the disaster situation delaying the disaster reporting and ignore the report, which became more serious when the Ming Dynasty declined, so that the agricultural disaster failed to be managed, even led to civil commotion and accelerated the collapse of the Ming Dynasty.

常用功能

更新日期/Last Update: 2022-07-10