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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:

41

期数:

2022年06期

页码:

63-74

栏目:

出版日期:

2022-12-30

文章信息/Info

Title:

A Preliminary Study on the Horse Policy and Its Environmental Influence of Anhui Area in the Ming Dynasty

作者:

郝红暖

（安徽省社会科学院 历史研究所，安徽 合肥 230051）

Author(s):

HAO Hong-nuan

（Institute of History, Anhui Academy of Social Sciences, Hefei 230051）

关键词:

明代; 官马民牧; 安徽地区; 环境影响

Keywords:

Ming Dynasty;  grazing and breeding the official horses in folk;  Anhui area;  environmental influence

分类号:

S-09；K207

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

由于官方养马政策的推行，安徽地区1成为明代官马民牧的重要区域。文章在收集大量史料的基础上，对明代安徽地区官马民牧的演变过程、养马区域的扩展、种马定额与草场面积的关系以及影响马政兴衰的环境因素等进行了详细梳理。马政落幕的原因众多，包括民户负担过重，草场规模及面积普遍较小，草料不足，马草矛盾较为突出。另外，明代后期草场的侵占和垦种，导致牧场面积缩减，随之而来的牧养方式的调整，也影响了马匹的质量。江淮地区尤其是淮河以南地区的自然环境和湿热的气候条件影响了马匹的品质，也是制约安徽地区马政发展的一个重要因素。

Abstract:

Driven by the official horse policy, Anhui became an important area for grazing and breeding the official horses in the Ming Dynasty. Based on a large number of historical materials, this paper made a preliminary study on the expansion of areas which grazing and breeding the official horses in Anhui, the relationship between the quota of horse and the area of grassland, and the environmental factors affected the rise and fall the horse policy in the Ming Dynasty. The research on relationship between the quota of horse and the area of grassland showed that the grassland area was generally small, and the contradiction between horse and grass in Anhui was more prominent. The grassland was encroached and cultivated, which led to the reduction of pasture area, and the adjustment of grazing methods also affected the quality of horses.The natural environment and hot and humid climate conditions in Jianghuai area, especially in the south of Huaihe River, affect the quality of horses, which is also an important factor restricting the development of horse policy in Anhui.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2023-01-13