[1]谢 坤.简牍所见秦代地方稟食原则再探[J].中国农史,2020,39(05):65-72.
　XIE Kun.Further Exploration on the Basic Principles of Grain Distribution by Local Governments in the Qin Dynasty Seen from Qin Bamboo Slips[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2020,39(05):65-72.
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简牍所见秦代地方稟食原则再探()
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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:
39
期数:
2020年05期
页码:
65-72
栏目:
出版日期:
2020-10-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
Further Exploration on the Basic Principles of Grain Distribution by Local Governments in the Qin Dynasty Seen from Qin Bamboo Slips
作者:
谢 坤
（江南大学 人文学院，江苏 无锡 214122）
Author(s):
XIE Kun
（School of Humanities, Jiangnan University，Wuxi 214122）
关键词:
秦简; 秦代; 稟食; 仓; 粮食
Keywords:
Qin bamboo slips; Qin Dynasty; grain distribution; storehouse; grain
分类号:
S-09；K207
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
出土秦律和里耶稟食文书显示，秦代的地方稟食在用粮类型、稟食标准、减停发放等方面均遵循一定的原则。在出稟用粮方面，发放时需要结合粮食的类型、成熟程度、粮食质量等情况发放，而粟米和稻米是最常见的粮食类型。在军粮管理方面，秦军粮有固定的稟食对象，并且在受稟之后不得以“传”向县贷食，所受稟的粮食也不能向外售卖。刑徒的稟食，不仅根据其身份在每月、每日甚至每餐上均设有固定标准，同时还会按照是否有急事、是否被转输到其他服役地点等情况，调整稟食的标准和领取方式。另外，秦代还有吏员、刑徒稟食的“停、减”机制，在某些特定情况下，官方会停止或减少相关人员的稟食发放。
Abstract:
According to the unearthed Qin laws and Liye grain distribution documents, the grain distribution in the Qin Dynasty followed certain principles in terms of the type of food used, the standard of grain distribution and the reduction and distribution of food. In the provision of food supplies, distribution should be combined with grain type, maturity and grain quality, etc. Millet and rice were the most common grain types at the time of production. In terms of military grain management, Qin army grain had fixed recipients. Moreover, after receiving the grain, the individual certificates cannot be used to borrow food from the county, and the grain cannot be sold outside. According to the status of the prisoners, there are fixed standards for their food supply on a monthly, daily and even per meal basis. Meanwhile, the standard and method of receiving food will be adjusted according to whether there is an emergency or whether they are transferred to other places of service. In addition, there was also a "stop and decrease mechanism" for officials and prisoners to receive food. In some special cases, the officials would stop or reduce the distribution of food to the officials concerned.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2020-11-13