[1]果志硕.先秦两汉时期农业的植物考古研究：现状与问题[J].中国农史,2024,43(06):51-67.
　GWO ChihSho.An Archaeobotanical Study of Agriculture in Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties: Current Status and Issues[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2024,43(06):51-67.
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先秦两汉时期农业的植物考古研究：现状与问题()
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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:
43
期数:
2024年06期
页码:
51-67
栏目:
出版日期:
2024-12-29

文章信息/Info

Title:
An Archaeobotanical Study of Agriculture in Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties: Current Status and Issues
作者:
果志硕
（北京大学 考古文博学院，北京 100871）
Author(s):
GWO ChihSho
（School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing 100871）
关键词:
植物考古;  先秦两汉时期;  农业结构;  区域格局
Keywords:
archaeobotany;  pre-Qin and Han Dynasties;  agricultural structure;  regional pattern
分类号:
S-09；K211
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
先秦两汉时期是早期王朝的形成时期，对其农业经济进行研究有助于探讨早期国家发展模式，然而相关的植物考古综合研究仍相对有限。鉴于此现状，本文系统整理全国范围内先秦两汉时期大植物遗存考古材料，评估其时空分布现状，并初步分析各区域农业发展的特征。现有材料分布显示目前针对先秦两汉时期的植物考古研究较为零星，样本较丰富的研究集中于黄河中下游地区，时段则集中于商周时期。浮选数据分析揭示该时期的作物种类主要包括粟、黍、大麦、小麦和稻米五种作物。其中粟黍超出北方旱作区，在南方也受到重视；小麦和大麦在多数地区并未成为主要作物，且两者使用模式有所不同；稻作则集中于南方，但与其他作物有复杂的互动。囿于现有材料不足，完全复原各地农业格局依然困难，有赖于未来更多的考古发现和综合研究。
Abstract:
Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties are the forming periods of early Chinese states, agricultural studies of these periods are important to learn about the development patterns of early states. However, research efforts about this topic are still lacking. This paper systematically analyzes existing nationwide archaeobotanical studies of these periods, evaluating spatial and temporal distributions of available data, and using these data to obtain a preliminary knowledge of Pre-Qin and Han dynasties’ agricultural structure developments. Materials collected to date show that research performed so far is rather limited, with most data concentrated in the middle to lower reaches of Yellow river. From the perspective of development phases, most studies are focused on Shang and Zhou periods. Archaeobotanical data analyses show four main crops, including millet, wheat, barley, and rice. The millet-based agriculture had developed beyond northern regions and were also developed extensively in the South. On the other hand, wheat and barley did not become main crops, and their usage patterns are different. In contrast, rice usage is mainly in the South, having complicate interactions with other crops. However, due to the limitations of existing data, it is still hard to reconstruct nationwide agricultural patterns of Pre-Qin and Han dynasties. More archaeological discoveries and integrated research efforts are needed to gain full knowledge in agriculture bases of these periods.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2025-02-10