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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:

35

期数:

2016年04期

页码:

14-22

栏目:

出版日期:

2016-08-28

文章信息/Info

Title:

A Review of the Animal Husbandry in Hefei Area in Ming Dynasty

作者:

陈 瑞

（安徽省社会科学院 历史所，安徽 合肥 230051）

Author(s):

CHEN Rui

（History Institute of Anhui Academy of Social Science, Hefei 230051）

关键词:

明代; 合肥地区; 畜牧业; 养马业; 养牛业; 朱元璋

Keywords:

Ming Dynasty;  Hefei area;  animal husbandry;  horse husbandry;  cattle husbandry;  Zhu Yuan-zhang

分类号:

S-09；K207

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

出于加强国防力量、发展农业生产、巩固封建统治等现实需要，明王朝十分重视发展以养马养牛为主体的畜牧业。作为拱卫京师（后为南京）的重要屏障，明代合肥地区成为当时全国最为重要的以畜养马牛为主业的畜牧业养殖基地之一。明王朝特别是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋关于养马养牛业的制度设计和制度建设以及在具体牧养实践过程中对相关制度的不断调整和完善，对有明一代合肥地区马牛牧养业影响深远。有明一代，合肥地区的养马政策和制度经历了一个不断调整和变更的过程，总的来看，养马户的负担有日渐加重甚至破产的趋势。为了减轻养马户的沉重负担，封建官府对合肥地区理应进贡的马匹实行了或蠲免，或减征，或改征折色，或暂停征收所欠马价等变通措施。文献关于明代合肥地区养牛业的记载相对较少，但从中仍可看到当地官牛民养的一些实况以及养牛户所承受的沉重负担。

Abstract:

Ming Dynasty attached great importance to developing animal husbandry centered on horse and cattle raising, which was meant to reinforce its national defense, to improve its agriculture and to consolidate its feudal governance and sovereignty． As a strategic barrier and stronghold guarding the imperial Capital, which was later Nanjing, Hefei area in Ming Dynasty turned out to be one of the most important farming bases of horse and cattle husbandry． And in particular, the founding emperor Zhu Yuan-zhang’s institutional design and construction and the constant adjustment and improvement did exert a profound impact on the animal husbandry in Hefei area． Correspondingly, through Ming Dynasty, the horse raising policy and system in this area experienced continuous modifications, which, by and large, resulted in an increasing burden upon the horse raisers and even subjected them to the danger of bankruptcy． In order to ease the raisers’ burden, the feudal rulers practiced some flexible measures such as exemption, reduction and alteration to deal with the regular horse tribute to the emperor, or temporarily suspended the levy of the raisers’ horse debt． The literature available about the cattle husbandry in Hefei area in Ming Dynasty, which is relatively rare, does reveal much about the local civilians’ forced raising of official cattle and the resulting heavy burden on their shoulders．

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更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01