[1]王　玲.民国时期有机肥料的困境及改良路径[J].中国农史,2026,45(01):79-89.
　WANG Ling.The Dilemmas and Improvement Pathways of Organic Fertilizers during the Republican Period[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2026,45(01):79-89.
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民国时期有机肥料的困境及改良路径()

《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:
45
期数:
2026年01期
页码:
79-89
栏目:
出版日期:
2026-02-28

文章信息/Info

Title:
The Dilemmas and Improvement Pathways of Organic Fertilizers during the Republican Period
作者:
王　玲
（中南财经政法大学 中共党史党建研究院 / 经济史学研究中心，湖北 武汉 430070）
Author(s):
WANG Ling
（Research Institute of CPC History&Party-building, Research Center of History of Economy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073）
关键词:
民国时期; 有机肥料; 改良路径; 科学化; 经济化
Keywords:
The Republic of China;  organic fertilizer;  the pathways of improvement; scientification;  economization
分类号:
S-09；K207
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
民国时期，传统有机肥料遇到了前所未有的困境与挑战：它体积庞大却效力迟缓、养分稀薄，无法维持并迅速提高土壤的肥力；它供给严重不足，且城市化进程带来的“新陈代谢断裂”加剧了供需空间分布的失衡；它“一枝独秀”的市场地位受到了西方舶来的化学肥料的巨大冲击。突破困境需自改良开始。改良以官方为主导，以农学家的科学研究为基础，以各地农政组织与试验场为阵地，大体沿科学化与经济化两个路径展开，前者着意于提高有机肥料的肥效，后者着意于增加供给并降低农民的用肥成本。但因国民政府组织管理混乱、资金与技术投入不足以及农民参与度不高等原因，这场改良取得的成效有限。不过，科学化与经济化的路径却一直影响着1949年后对有机肥料的改良。
Abstract:
During the period of the Republic of China, traditional organic fertilizers faced unprecedented dilemmas in China’s agricultural modernization. Their bulky volume, slow efficacy, and low nutrient content proved inadequate for maintaining and rapidly enhancing soil fertility. Severe supply shortages were exacerbated by "metabolic rift" caused by urbanization, which disrupted the spatial balance between fertilizer supply and demand. Moreover, their dominant market position was challenged by imported chemical fertilizers from the West. To overcome these challenges, improvements had to start with reform efforts led by the government. Guided by agronomists’ scientific research and implemented through agricultural organizations and experimental stations nationwide, the reforms followed two main approaches: Scientific enhancement of fertilizer efficiency; Economic optimization to increase supply and reduce costs for farmers. However, limited achievements resulted from the Nationalist government’s chaotic management, insufficient funding and technical investment, and low farmer participation. Nevertheless, these dual approaches of scientific and economic optimization continued to influence organic fertilizer reforms in the post-1949 period.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2026-03-19